Structural Load Path Verification Checklist

Approved Document A of the UK Building Regulations requires that structures be designed and built to withstand all load types that they are expected to encounter over their lifetime. The load types listed below must be considered throughout the building's design process.

Dead Load

Dead loads, also known as static loads, usually refer to the weight of the structure, which remains static and generally constant over time. Dead loads can also include the weight of any structural element or permanent non-structural barriers that are fixed. Dead loads can be computed by weighing the materials given and measuring their volume as illustrated on drawings. This means that, in theory, dead loads can be calculated with reasonable precision. Common examples of dead loads are beams, columns, slabs, cladding, finishes, facades, and built-in elements like fixed shelves, cabinets, and permanent fixtures.

Live Loads

Live loads, also known as imposed loads, are typically transitory, changing, and non-static. Moving and dynamic loads include cars driving over bridges, as well as humans, furniture, and other equipment. The intensity of these loads varies. It could change based on the time of day, season, or even the activities brought inside the structure, such as concerts and festivities. Live loads can be concentrated or spread, and they may cause impact, vibration, or acceleration.

Environmental Loads

Environmental structural loads are caused by topography or weather. There are numerous  environmental loads that act on a structure, some of which have a lower impact on structural loads but nevertheless have an impact on the building's performance and comfort levels; these may be referred to as environmental factors. The following environmental loads are generally considered in the United Kingdom.

• Wind Loads
• Snow Loads
• Earthquake Loads
• Thermal Loads
• Settlement Loads