Let us now examine where emergencies normally arise from.

It is critical to study this subject first in order to completely grasp the crucial aspects in developing an emergency action plan. Disasters are frequently the source of emergency situations. These calamities might be natural or manmade.

Natural Disasters

Mother Nature's harsh forces are inherently present in our world. There is no way to prevent these events, but our great brains have devised methods to foresee and reduce the consequences of some of these natural disasters. Here are some common natural disasters.

Earthquakes

The tectonic plates of the earth are always moving and changing, which leads to the plates grinding against one another. The fault lines become very stressed as a result, and when the plates are unable to bear the strain, they release energy in the form of seismic waves, which causes an earthquake. These energy releases are sometimes so strong that they could topple buildings from the shaking.

Typhoons and Tornadoes

Typhoons develop in the warm ocean waters. They occur because warm ocean waters heat up and moisten the air, which then interacts with cool, drier air, thus creating a low-pressure area where winds begin to swirl around. Tornadoes, on the other hand, are mostly formed during thunderstorms. Warm, humid air rises while chilly air descends with rain or hail inside thunderclouds. Inside the cloud, these circumstances may result in rotating air currents. Even though the spinning currents begin horizontally, they have the potential to become vertical and descend from the cloud, forming a tornado. Both of these phenomena can carry destructive winds that can potentially do significant damage to homes and buildings.

Wildfires

A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that starts in wildland vegetation, usually in rural locations.They are not restricted to one continent or habitat.Wildfires can begin with a natural occurrence, such as a lightning strike, or with a human-caused spark. However, meteorological factors frequently dictate how quickly a wildfire spreads. Wind, high temperatures, and little rainfall may all dry out trees, bushes, fallen leaves, and branches, making them ideal fuel for a fire. Wildfires near towns may become dangerous, even fatal, if they spread uncontrollably.

Volcanic Eruptions

Heat moving under the Earth's surface causes volcanoes to explode. They usually start when gas-rich magma (molten rock) builds up in pools close to the Earth's surface. However, small cracks in the ground may release steam and gas before they happen. Small earthquakes, which can be caused by a rising plug of dense, viscous magma moving back and forth between a sheath of less dense, more accessible magma, can also be a sign of volcanic outbursts, especially powerful ones.Volcanic events can destroy a lot of property and kill a lot of people. They range from explosions that aren't too bad to ones that do a lot of damage.

Man-made Disasters

Man-made disasters typically result from human negligence and a failure to adhere to established systems. In an industrial setting, these are usually hazards that were not provided with the appropriate and sufficient measures. Here are some industrial man-made disasters that commonly take place around the world.

Industrial Fires

These are fires that occur in an industrial setting. They happen in warehouses, manufacturing plants, chemical plants, and power plants. There are a lot of causes of industrial fires, but most of them came from unidentified hazards, negligence, and not following safety protocols. This disaster can affect operational machinery, harm or kill employees, and impact business productivity.

Oil Spills

We use oil, an old fossil fuel, to heat our homes, make electricity, and power big parts of our industry. But oil that gets into the ocean by mistake can cause a lot of trouble. Oils have the potential to destroy an ocean's ecology, which might lead to the demise of many marine species.

Structural Failure

The weight capacity of a structure reduces as the structural integrity of the building is compromised. Whenever the strength of a material is surpassed, the substance begins to bend or break. This phenomenon is referred to as structural failure. Given that there is a danger of collapse, this might be a potentially fatal circumstance. In addition, there is the possibility of flying debris, passengers and observers being injured, and being trapped.

Operational Failure

This refers to machinery and equipment going haywire. The uncontrollable movements from a malfunctioning machine have many hazards. One of the hazards associated with this is crushing hazards, which can trap, squeeze, and crush body parts. Another one would be flying parts, where high-pressure releases can eject a heavy object from the machine and hit nearby employees.